Analisis Perbandingan Kinerja REST API dan GraphQL API menggunakan JavaScript dalam Pengambilan dan Pengolahan Data untuk Aplikasi Web Modern

Abstract

Modern web applications are interactive and dynamic, requiring real-time data management. API architecture plays a key role in communication between the frontend and backend, with two popular approaches. REST API and GraphQL API. This study compares their performance using JavaScript (BunJS runtime) and PostgreSQL. Tests include GET, POST, PUT, and DELETE operations with Load Test, Spike Test, and Stress Test methods using K6. Metrics measured include average response time, requests per second (RPS), error rate, success rate, and responses under 2000 ms. Results show REST API excels in large-scale data retrieval (GET) with simple queries, while GraphQL is more stable and faster for data mutation operations (POST, PUT, DELETE). GraphQL also offers greater flexibility for specific data retrieval but experiences performance drops under heavy loads. The choice depends on applications needs. REST suits massive data retrieval, while GraphQL is better for complex data manipulation.